![]() Acute diseases or trauma to the kidney can cause uremia, in which glomerular filtration is impaired or reduced, leading to accumulation of excessive fluid and blood nitrogenous products in the body. Table 21-1 lists some of the conditions that may lead to chronic or acute renal failure. Some of the more common causes of kidney failure include disease, injury, and drug intoxication. Impairment or degeneration of kidney function affects the pharmacokinetics of drugs. The kidney is an important organ in regulating body fluids, electrolyte balance, removal of metabolic waste, and drug excretion from the body. ![]() Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem affecting more than 50 million people, and more than 1 million of them are receiving kidney replacement therapy (Levey et al, 2009). ![]()
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